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30/11/2024
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Bui, T. Q., Nguyen-Duc, T., Nguyen, H. T. H., & Phuong, T. T. (2024). The impact of learning organization on job satisfaction in Vietnamese enterprises. Journal of International Economics and Management, 24(3), 140-160. https://doi.org/10.38203/jiem.024.3.0098
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The impact of learning organization on job satisfaction in Vietnamese enterprises
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Abstract
The relationship between learning organizations and job satisfaction is a compelling area of research due to its potential impact on organizational performance. This study aims to investigate how the seven dimensions of a learning organization affect job satisfaction among employees. The research utilized a sample of 729 responses from employees of Vietnamese enterprises. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, this study finds that three of the seven learning organization factors (i.e., establishing systems to capture and share learning, empowering people toward a collective vision, and providing strategic leadership for learning) significantly and positively impact job satisfaction. In contrast, the other four factors (i.e., creating continuous learning opportunities, promoting dialogue and inquiry, encouraging collaboration and team learning, and connecting the organization to its environment) do not show a significant impact. Based on these findings, several practical implications are suggested, including embedding learning organizations to enhance employee learning and job satisfaction, addressing the workforce’s low productivity, and supporting the government’s advocacy for lifelong learning in Vietnamese organizations. Several important limitations are acknowledged, including potential methodological constraints or contextual factors. By addressing these limitations, the paper clarifies the impact of learning organizations on job satisfaction and provides recommendations for future research, thereby significantly contributing to the literature on organizational learning.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Keywords
Learning organization, Organizational learning culture, Job satisfaction, Dimensions of learning organization questionnaire (DOLQ), Vietnamese enterprises
References
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Armstrong, J.S. and Overton, T.S. (1977), “Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 396-402.
Armstrong, A. and Foley, P. (2003), “Foundations for a learning organization: organization learning mechanisms”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp.74-82.
Bass, B.M. (1985), Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, The Free Press, New York.
Bhattacherjee, S., Ray, K., Roy, J.K., Mukherjee, A., Roy, H. and Datta, S. (2016), “Job satisfaction among doctors of a government medical college and hospital of Eastern India”, Nepal Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 6 No. 3, 596.
Bratianu, C. (2015), “Organizational learning and the learning organization”, in Organizational Knowledge Dynamics: Managing Knowledge Creation, Acquisition, Sharing, and Transformation, IGI Global, Hershey, pp. 286-312.
Bui, Q.T. (2021), “Building a learning organization in the digital era: a proposed model for Vietnamese enterprises”, International Review of Management and Marketing, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 42-48.
Chang, S. and Lee, M. (2007), “A study on relationship among leadership, organizational culture, the operation of learning organization and employees’ job satisfaction”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 155-185.
Chapagain, B.R. (2021), “Job satisfaction among academicians in Nepal: the influence of institutional sector and demographic factors”, Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 94-104.
Chikweche, T. and Bressan, A. (2018), “A systematic review of future research challenges and prospects of organizational learning research in small medium size enterprises”, Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 175-191.
Cohen, J. (1988), Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey.
Conger, J.A. and Kanungo, R.N. (1988), “The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 471-482.
Dekoulou, P. and Trivellas, P. (2015), “Measuring the impact of learning organization on job satisfaction and individual performance in Greek advertising sector”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 175, pp. 367-375.
Dirani, K.M. (2009), “Measuring the learning organization culture, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the Lebanese banking sector”, Human Resource Development International, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 189-208.
Dowd, J.F. (1999), “Learning organizations: an introduction”, Management Care Quarterly, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 43-50.
Egan, T.M., Yang, B. and Bartlett, K.R. (2004), “The effects of organizational learning culture and job satisfaction on motivation to transfer learning and turnover intention”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 279-301.
Erdem, M., İlğan, A. and Uçar, H.I. (2014), “Relationship between learning organization and job satisfaction of primary school teacher”, International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 8-20.
Farooq, R. (2016), “Role of structural equation modeling in scale development”, Journal of Advances in Management Research, Vol. 13 No. 1.
Farooq, R. and Hairs, J. (2016), “Assessing the discriminant validity of constructs in research”, Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 1-14.
Farooq, M.S. and Radovic-Markovic, M. (2017), “Impact of business simulation games on entrepreneurial intentions of business graduates: a PLS-SEM approach”, in Markovic, M.R., Farooq, M.S. and Vujicic, S. (Eds.), Organisational Behavior and Types of Leadership Styles and Strategies in Terms of Globalization, Compass Publications, United Kingdom, pp. 11-24.
Fenwick, W.E. (2006), Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration, Vol. 2, Sage Publications, California.
Gardiner, P. and Whiting, P. (1997), “Success factors in learning organizations: an empirical study”, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 41-48.
Garvin, D. (1993), “Building learning organizations”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, pp. 78-91.
Garvin, D.A., Edmondson, A.C. and Gino, F. (2008), “Is yours a learning organization?”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 86 No. 3, pp. 109-116.
Goh, S.C. (1998), “Toward a learning organization: the strategic building-blocks”, SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 63 No. 2, pp. 15-20.
GoV (2022), Decision No. 387/QD-TTg on Approval of the Program “Promoting life-long learning in families, family lines, communities, and organizations in the period of 2021-2030”, Government of Vietnam.
Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. and Sarstedt, M. (2017), A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd Edition, Sage Publications, USA.
Han, J.W., Nguyen, T.T.M., Hua, S.M. and Pham, T.H. (2023), “Organizational learning through training effectiveness: evidence from the hospitality industry in Vietnam”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 532-553.
Harman, G. (1996), “Analyticity regained?”, Noûs, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 392-400.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M. and Sarstedt, M. (2016), “Testing measurement invariance of composites using partial least squares”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 405-431.
Hom, P.W. and Griffeth, R.W. (1991), “Structural equations modeling test of a turnover theory: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 76 No. 3, pp. 350-366.
Hong, J.C. (2001), Knowledge Innovation and Organization Learning, Wu-Nan Publication Company, Taipei.
Hung, R.Y.Y., Yang, B., Lien, B.Y.H., McLean, G.N. and Kuo, Y.M. (2010), “Dynamic capability: impact of process alignment and organizational learning culture on performance”, Journal of World Business, Vol. 45 No. 3, pp. 285-294.
Jain, A.K. and Moreno, A. (2015), “Organizational learning, knowledge management practices and firm’s performance: an empirical study of a heavy engineering firm in India”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 14-39.
James, C.R. (2003), “Designing learning organizations”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 46-61.
Kwong, J., Wang, H. and Clifton, R.A. (2010), “Rethinking our assumptions about teachers’ job satisfaction in China and the West”, Australian Journal of Education, Vol. 54 No. 2, pp. 115-132.
Lee-Kelley, L., Blackman, D.A. and Hurst, J.P. (2007), “An exploration of the relationship between learning organisations and the retention of knowledge workers”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 204-221.
Lewis, D. (2002), “Five years on-the organizational culture saga revisited”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 280-287.
Malik, P. and Garg, P. (2017), “The relationship between learning culture, inquiry and dialogue, knowledge sharing structure and affective commitment to change”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 610-631.
Marsick, V.J. (2013), “The dimensions of a learning organization questionnaire (DLOQ) introduction to the special issue examining DLOQ use over a decade”, Advances in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 127-132.
Mirkamali, S.M., Thani, F.N. and Alami, F. (2011), “Examining the role of transformational leadership and job satisfaction in the organizational learning of an automotive manufacturing company”, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Vol. 29, pp. 138-148.
Nguyen-Duc, T., Phuong, T.T., Le, T.T. and Nguyen, L.T. (2023), “Validation of dimensions of the learning organization questionnaire (DLOQ) in a Vietnamese context”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 511-531.
Nguyen, P. (2024), “Effects of transformational leadership on the learning organization and nurses' innovative behavior in Vietnamese public hospitals”, International Journal of Public Leadership, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print.
Nyukoron, R. (2016), “Leadership, learning organization and job satisfaction in Ghanaian telecommunications companies”, European Scientific Journal, Vol. 12 No. 29, pp. 29-61.
Örtenblad, A. (2018), “What does “learning organization” mean?”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 150-158.
Pantha, S. (2020), A Study on Employee Job Satisfaction in the Banking Sector in Nepal, Thesis in International Business, Centria University of Applied Sciences, Finland.
Paudel, B., Basnet, K. and Baral, P.N. (2020), “Study on job satisfaction of civil engineers in Gandaki provincial government, Nepal”, Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 4 No. 5, pp. 68-76.
Pearson, C.A.L. (1991), “An assessment of extrinsic feedback on participation, role perceptions, motivation, and job satisfaction in a self-managed system for monitoring group achievement”, Human Relations, Vol. 44 No. 5, pp. 517-537.
Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J. and Boydell T. (1991), The Learning Company: A Strategy for Sustainable Development, McGraw-Hill, UK.
Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J.-Y. and Podsakoff, N.P. (2003), “Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88 No.5, pp. 879-903.
Poell, R.F. and Van der Krogt, F.J. (1997), “Organising work‐related learning projects”, International Journal of Training and Development, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 181-190.
Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M. (1973), “Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 80 No. 2, pp. 151-176.
Ringle, C.M., Wende, S. and Becker, J.M. (2015), SmartPLS 3, SmartPLS GmbH, Bonningstedt.
Rose, R.C., Kumar, N. and Pak, O.G. (2009), “The effect of organizational learning on organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work performance”, Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 25 No. 6, pp. 55-65.
Rowden, R.W. and Conine, C.T.Jr. (2005), “The impact of workplace learning on job satisfaction in small US commercial banks”, Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 17, pp. 215-230.
Schultz, D.P. (1982), Psychology and Industry Today: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Macmillan, New York.
Senge, P.M. (1990), The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, Doubleday, New York.
Senge, P.M., Dow, M. and Neath, G. (2006), “Learning together: new partnerships for new times”, Corporate Governance, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 420-430.
Sidani, Y. and Reese, S. (2018), “A journey of collaborative learning organization research: interview with Victoria Marsick and Karen Watkins”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 199-209.
Song, J.H., Kim, H.M. and Kolb, J.A. (2009), “The effect of learning organization culture on the relationship between interpersonal trust and organizational commitment”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 147-167.
Subedi, K.P. (2019), The Study of Personality Traits, Job Involvement and Job Satisfaction of the Civil Service Employee of Nepal, PhD Thesis, Pacific University, Udaipur.
Ta Trung, N. (2022), “Expanding the organization of teaching and learning in the form of blended e-learning - A suitable direction for universities in Viet Nam after the Covid-19 pandemic”, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Modern Educational Technology, The Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp. 57-63.
Taylor, D.L. and Tashakkori, A. (1995), “Decision participation and school climate as predictors of job satisfaction and teachers’ sense of efficacy”, Journal of Experimental Education, Vol. 63, pp. 217-230.
Tosten, R., Avci, Y.E. and Sahin, E. (2018), “The relations between the organizational happiness and the organizational socialization perceptions of teachers: the sample of physical education and sport”, European Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 151-157.
Varshney, D. (2019), “Relationship between social loafing and the self-concept: mediating role of perceived organizational politics”, Journal of Indian Business Research, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 60-74.
Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (1993), Sculpting the Learning Organization: Lessons in the Art and Science of Systemic Change, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (1996), In Action: Creating the Learning Organization (Vol. 1), American Society for Training and Development, Alexandria, Virginia.
Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (1997), Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire, Partners for the Learning Organization, Warwick.
Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (2023), “Rethinking workplace learning and development catalyzed by complexity”, Human Resource Development Review, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 333-344.
Yang, B., Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (2004), “The construct of the learning organization: dimensions, measurement, and validation”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 31-55.
Yukongdi, V. and Shrestha, P. (2020), “The influence of affective commitment, job satisfaction and job stress on turnover intention: a study of Nepalese bank employees”, Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 88-98.
Armstrong, J.S. and Overton, T.S. (1977), “Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 396-402.
Armstrong, A. and Foley, P. (2003), “Foundations for a learning organization: organization learning mechanisms”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp.74-82.
Bass, B.M. (1985), Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, The Free Press, New York.
Bhattacherjee, S., Ray, K., Roy, J.K., Mukherjee, A., Roy, H. and Datta, S. (2016), “Job satisfaction among doctors of a government medical college and hospital of Eastern India”, Nepal Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 6 No. 3, 596.
Bratianu, C. (2015), “Organizational learning and the learning organization”, in Organizational Knowledge Dynamics: Managing Knowledge Creation, Acquisition, Sharing, and Transformation, IGI Global, Hershey, pp. 286-312.
Bui, Q.T. (2021), “Building a learning organization in the digital era: a proposed model for Vietnamese enterprises”, International Review of Management and Marketing, Vol. 11 No. 3, pp. 42-48.
Chang, S. and Lee, M. (2007), “A study on relationship among leadership, organizational culture, the operation of learning organization and employees’ job satisfaction”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 155-185.
Chapagain, B.R. (2021), “Job satisfaction among academicians in Nepal: the influence of institutional sector and demographic factors”, Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 94-104.
Chikweche, T. and Bressan, A. (2018), “A systematic review of future research challenges and prospects of organizational learning research in small medium size enterprises”, Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 175-191.
Cohen, J. (1988), Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey.
Conger, J.A. and Kanungo, R.N. (1988), “The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 471-482.
Dekoulou, P. and Trivellas, P. (2015), “Measuring the impact of learning organization on job satisfaction and individual performance in Greek advertising sector”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 175, pp. 367-375.
Dirani, K.M. (2009), “Measuring the learning organization culture, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the Lebanese banking sector”, Human Resource Development International, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 189-208.
Dowd, J.F. (1999), “Learning organizations: an introduction”, Management Care Quarterly, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 43-50.
Egan, T.M., Yang, B. and Bartlett, K.R. (2004), “The effects of organizational learning culture and job satisfaction on motivation to transfer learning and turnover intention”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 279-301.
Erdem, M., İlğan, A. and Uçar, H.I. (2014), “Relationship between learning organization and job satisfaction of primary school teacher”, International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 8-20.
Farooq, R. (2016), “Role of structural equation modeling in scale development”, Journal of Advances in Management Research, Vol. 13 No. 1.
Farooq, R. and Hairs, J. (2016), “Assessing the discriminant validity of constructs in research”, Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 1-14.
Farooq, M.S. and Radovic-Markovic, M. (2017), “Impact of business simulation games on entrepreneurial intentions of business graduates: a PLS-SEM approach”, in Markovic, M.R., Farooq, M.S. and Vujicic, S. (Eds.), Organisational Behavior and Types of Leadership Styles and Strategies in Terms of Globalization, Compass Publications, United Kingdom, pp. 11-24.
Fenwick, W.E. (2006), Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration, Vol. 2, Sage Publications, California.
Gardiner, P. and Whiting, P. (1997), “Success factors in learning organizations: an empirical study”, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 41-48.
Garvin, D. (1993), “Building learning organizations”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, pp. 78-91.
Garvin, D.A., Edmondson, A.C. and Gino, F. (2008), “Is yours a learning organization?”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 86 No. 3, pp. 109-116.
Goh, S.C. (1998), “Toward a learning organization: the strategic building-blocks”, SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 63 No. 2, pp. 15-20.
GoV (2022), Decision No. 387/QD-TTg on Approval of the Program “Promoting life-long learning in families, family lines, communities, and organizations in the period of 2021-2030”, Government of Vietnam.
Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. and Sarstedt, M. (2017), A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd Edition, Sage Publications, USA.
Han, J.W., Nguyen, T.T.M., Hua, S.M. and Pham, T.H. (2023), “Organizational learning through training effectiveness: evidence from the hospitality industry in Vietnam”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 532-553.
Harman, G. (1996), “Analyticity regained?”, Noûs, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 392-400.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M. and Sarstedt, M. (2016), “Testing measurement invariance of composites using partial least squares”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 405-431.
Hom, P.W. and Griffeth, R.W. (1991), “Structural equations modeling test of a turnover theory: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 76 No. 3, pp. 350-366.
Hong, J.C. (2001), Knowledge Innovation and Organization Learning, Wu-Nan Publication Company, Taipei.
Hung, R.Y.Y., Yang, B., Lien, B.Y.H., McLean, G.N. and Kuo, Y.M. (2010), “Dynamic capability: impact of process alignment and organizational learning culture on performance”, Journal of World Business, Vol. 45 No. 3, pp. 285-294.
Jain, A.K. and Moreno, A. (2015), “Organizational learning, knowledge management practices and firm’s performance: an empirical study of a heavy engineering firm in India”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 14-39.
James, C.R. (2003), “Designing learning organizations”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 46-61.
Kwong, J., Wang, H. and Clifton, R.A. (2010), “Rethinking our assumptions about teachers’ job satisfaction in China and the West”, Australian Journal of Education, Vol. 54 No. 2, pp. 115-132.
Lee-Kelley, L., Blackman, D.A. and Hurst, J.P. (2007), “An exploration of the relationship between learning organisations and the retention of knowledge workers”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 204-221.
Lewis, D. (2002), “Five years on-the organizational culture saga revisited”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 280-287.
Malik, P. and Garg, P. (2017), “The relationship between learning culture, inquiry and dialogue, knowledge sharing structure and affective commitment to change”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 610-631.
Marsick, V.J. (2013), “The dimensions of a learning organization questionnaire (DLOQ) introduction to the special issue examining DLOQ use over a decade”, Advances in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 127-132.
Mirkamali, S.M., Thani, F.N. and Alami, F. (2011), “Examining the role of transformational leadership and job satisfaction in the organizational learning of an automotive manufacturing company”, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Vol. 29, pp. 138-148.
Nguyen-Duc, T., Phuong, T.T., Le, T.T. and Nguyen, L.T. (2023), “Validation of dimensions of the learning organization questionnaire (DLOQ) in a Vietnamese context”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 511-531.
Nguyen, P. (2024), “Effects of transformational leadership on the learning organization and nurses' innovative behavior in Vietnamese public hospitals”, International Journal of Public Leadership, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print.
Nyukoron, R. (2016), “Leadership, learning organization and job satisfaction in Ghanaian telecommunications companies”, European Scientific Journal, Vol. 12 No. 29, pp. 29-61.
Örtenblad, A. (2018), “What does “learning organization” mean?”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 150-158.
Pantha, S. (2020), A Study on Employee Job Satisfaction in the Banking Sector in Nepal, Thesis in International Business, Centria University of Applied Sciences, Finland.
Paudel, B., Basnet, K. and Baral, P.N. (2020), “Study on job satisfaction of civil engineers in Gandaki provincial government, Nepal”, Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 4 No. 5, pp. 68-76.
Pearson, C.A.L. (1991), “An assessment of extrinsic feedback on participation, role perceptions, motivation, and job satisfaction in a self-managed system for monitoring group achievement”, Human Relations, Vol. 44 No. 5, pp. 517-537.
Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J. and Boydell T. (1991), The Learning Company: A Strategy for Sustainable Development, McGraw-Hill, UK.
Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J.-Y. and Podsakoff, N.P. (2003), “Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88 No.5, pp. 879-903.
Poell, R.F. and Van der Krogt, F.J. (1997), “Organising work‐related learning projects”, International Journal of Training and Development, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 181-190.
Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M. (1973), “Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 80 No. 2, pp. 151-176.
Ringle, C.M., Wende, S. and Becker, J.M. (2015), SmartPLS 3, SmartPLS GmbH, Bonningstedt.
Rose, R.C., Kumar, N. and Pak, O.G. (2009), “The effect of organizational learning on organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work performance”, Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 25 No. 6, pp. 55-65.
Rowden, R.W. and Conine, C.T.Jr. (2005), “The impact of workplace learning on job satisfaction in small US commercial banks”, Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 17, pp. 215-230.
Schultz, D.P. (1982), Psychology and Industry Today: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Macmillan, New York.
Senge, P.M. (1990), The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, Doubleday, New York.
Senge, P.M., Dow, M. and Neath, G. (2006), “Learning together: new partnerships for new times”, Corporate Governance, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 420-430.
Sidani, Y. and Reese, S. (2018), “A journey of collaborative learning organization research: interview with Victoria Marsick and Karen Watkins”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 199-209.
Song, J.H., Kim, H.M. and Kolb, J.A. (2009), “The effect of learning organization culture on the relationship between interpersonal trust and organizational commitment”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 147-167.
Subedi, K.P. (2019), The Study of Personality Traits, Job Involvement and Job Satisfaction of the Civil Service Employee of Nepal, PhD Thesis, Pacific University, Udaipur.
Ta Trung, N. (2022), “Expanding the organization of teaching and learning in the form of blended e-learning - A suitable direction for universities in Viet Nam after the Covid-19 pandemic”, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Modern Educational Technology, The Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp. 57-63.
Taylor, D.L. and Tashakkori, A. (1995), “Decision participation and school climate as predictors of job satisfaction and teachers’ sense of efficacy”, Journal of Experimental Education, Vol. 63, pp. 217-230.
Tosten, R., Avci, Y.E. and Sahin, E. (2018), “The relations between the organizational happiness and the organizational socialization perceptions of teachers: the sample of physical education and sport”, European Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 151-157.
Varshney, D. (2019), “Relationship between social loafing and the self-concept: mediating role of perceived organizational politics”, Journal of Indian Business Research, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 60-74.
Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (1993), Sculpting the Learning Organization: Lessons in the Art and Science of Systemic Change, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (1996), In Action: Creating the Learning Organization (Vol. 1), American Society for Training and Development, Alexandria, Virginia.
Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (1997), Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire, Partners for the Learning Organization, Warwick.
Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (2023), “Rethinking workplace learning and development catalyzed by complexity”, Human Resource Development Review, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 333-344.
Yang, B., Watkins, K.E. and Marsick, V.J. (2004), “The construct of the learning organization: dimensions, measurement, and validation”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 31-55.
Yukongdi, V. and Shrestha, P. (2020), “The influence of affective commitment, job satisfaction and job stress on turnover intention: a study of Nepalese bank employees”, Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 88-98.