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30/11/2022
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Binh Duong, N., E. Mayers, E., Duc Nhan, N., Thu Huong, D., & Thi Thuy Duong, H. (2022). Extended environmental Kuznets curve in Asia-Pacific countries: an empirical analysis. Journal of International Economics and Management, 22(3), 46-61. https://doi.org/10.38203/jiem.022.3.0053
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Extended environmental Kuznets curve in Asia-Pacific countries: an empirical analysis
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Abstract
This paper aims to study the impacts of economic growth, energy use, and trade liberalization on CO2 emissions in Asia Pacific countries. By using panel data to build an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), the empirical result shows that the EKC of Asia Pacific countries has N shaped. Besides, energy use is one of the factors that worsen the environment. Finally, trade liberalization is an important factor that improves environmental quality in the region.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Keywords
Asia Pacific, EKC, Environment, Growth, Trade liberalization
References
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Copeland, B.R. and Taylor, M.S. (1994), “North‐South trade and the environment”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 109 No. 3, pp. 755 ‐ 787.
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Torras, M. and Boyce, J.K. (1998), “Income, inequality, and pollution: a reassessment of the environmental Kuznets curve”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 147 - 160.
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Alvarez-Herranz, A., Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Shahbaz, M. and Cantos, J.M. (2017), “Energy innovation and renewable energy consumption in the correction of air pollution levels”, Energy Policy, Vol. 105, pp. 386 - 397.
Cemal, A. (2012), "Carbon emissions, trade liberalization, and the Japan-ASEAN interaction: a group-wise examination", Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 167 - 178.
Cole, M.A., Rayner, A.J. and Bates, J.M. (1997), “The environmental Kuznets curve: an empirical analysis”, Environment and Development Economics, Vol. 2 No. 4, pp. 401 - 416.
Copeland, B.R. and Taylor, M.S. (1994), “North‐South trade and the environment”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 109 No. 3, pp. 755 ‐ 787.
Dinda, S. (2004), “Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: a survey”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 49 No. 4, pp. 431 - 455.
Grossman, G.M. and Krueger, A.B. (1991), “Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement”, Working Paper 3914, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Harrison, A. (1996), “Openness and growth: a time-series, cross-country analysis for developing countries”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 48 No. 2, pp. 419 - 447.
Hasanov, F.J., Hunt, L.C. and Mikayilov, J.I. (2021), “Estimating different order polynomial logarithmic environmental Kuznets curves”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 28, pp. 41965 - 41987.
Taguchi, H. (2012), “The environmental Kuznets curve in Asia: the case of sulphur and carbon emissions”, Asia Pacific Development Journal, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 77 - 92.
Hussen, A. (2005), Principles of environmental economics and sustainability: an integrated and ecological approach, Routledge.
IMF. (2018), Regional economic outlook: Asia Pacific, International Monetary Fund.
Jose, D. (2016), “Sustainable economic growth: an empirical study for the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 594 - 601.
Lorente, D.B. and Alvarez-Herranz, A. (2016), “An approach to the effect of energy innovation on environmental Kuznets curve: an introduction to inflection point”, Bulletin of Energy Economics, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 224 - 233.
Markandya, A., Harou, P., Bellu, L.G. and Cistulli, V. (2002), Environmental economics for sustainable growth: a handbook for practitioners, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
Nosheen, M., Iqbal, J. and Khan, H.U. (2021), “Analyzing the linkage among CO2 emissions, economic growth, tourism, and energy consumption in the Asian economies”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 28, pp. 16707 - 16719.
Munasinghe, M. (1999), “Is environmental degradation an inevitable consequence of economic growth: tunneling through the environmental Kuznets curve”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 89 - 109.
Ritchie, H. and Roser, M. (2020), “CO₂ and greenhouse gas emissions”, Our World in Data, Available at https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions (Accessed 25 June, 2020).
Stern, D.I. (2004), “The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve”, World Development, Vol. 32 No. 8, pp. 1419 - 1439.
Suri, V. and Chapman, D. (1998), “Economic growth, trade and energy: implications for the environmental Kuznets curve”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 195 - 208.
Torras, M. and Boyce, J.K. (1998), “Income, inequality, and pollution: a reassessment of the environmental Kuznets curve”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 147 - 160.
UNEP. (2015), Environment programme: annual report, UN Environment Programme.
UNEP. (2019), Air pollution in Asia and the Pacific: science-based solutions, UN Environment Programme.
Wetselaar, M. (2013), “Southeast Asia can lead the way in clean energy future”, Shell, Available at https://www.shell.com.sg/media/2013-media-releases/clean-energy-future-opinion-editorialmaarten-wetselaar.html (Accessed 25 June, 2020).
World Development Indicators. (2020), “World Development Indicators”, Available at http://wdi.worldbank.org/ table/3.10 (Accessed 25 June, 2020).