A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW OF TOURIST DECISION-MAKING LITERATURE
Main Article Content
Abstract
Decision-making theories in tourism can be classified into three groups based on their underlined assumptions: rational choice, affect-driven and dual-process theories. Rational choice theories are the dominant framework in many fields including economics, political science, finance, marketing and tourism. Consumers are considered as “rational-decisionmakers” who evaluate available options by rational thinking. In contrast, the affect-driven theories assume that tourists are hedonic decision-makers and their choice is influenced and guided by affective factors (i.e., emotions, feelings). Dual-process theories reconcile these two opposite approaches by proposing a dual-system of decision-making: System 1 related to automatic, emotional, non-conscious process, and System 2 involving rational thinking. This review paper provides a general picture of how tourism decision-making literature has been developed with a focus on the latest advancement, dual-system theories. Tourism marketers may find this paper beneficial in understanding tourist behaviours, in particular, tourists’ destination choice. Traditional marketing focusing only on rational factors (comparative messages) can be a dead-end approach, experiential marketing has become the new trends. By advancing our knowledge of tourist decision-making, this paper provides useful guidelines for tourism marketers in designing tourist experiences and promoting tourism destinations.
Article Details
Keywords
Tourist behaviour, decision-making, dual-system, destination choice, marketing
References
References
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1. Achar, C., So, J., Agrawal, N., & Duhachek, A. (2016). What we feel and why we buy: the influence of emotions on consumer decision-making. Current Opinion in Psychology, 10, 166-170. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.01.009
2. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
3. Bagozzi, R., Baumgartner, H., Pieters, R., & Zeelenberg, M. (2000). The role of emotions in goal-directed behavior. In S. Ratneshwar, D. Mick, & H. Cynthia (Eds.), The why of consumption: Contemporary perspectives on consumer motives, goals, and desires (pp. 36-58). USA: Routledge.
4. Bagozzi, R., Belanche, D., Casaló, L., & Flavián, C. (2016). The Role of Anticipated Emotions in Purchase Intentions. Psychology & Marketing, 33(8), 629-645.
5. Bagozzi, R., Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., & Flavián, C. (2016). The Role of Anticipated Emotions in Purchase Intentions. Psychology & Marketing, 33(8), 629-645.
6. Bagozzi, R., Dholakia, U., & Basuroy, S. (2003). How effortful decisions get enacted: The motivating role of decision processes, desires, and anticipated emotions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 16(4), 273-295.
7. Bagozzi, R., Gopinath, M., & Nyer, P. (1999). The role of emotions in marketing. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 27(2), 184-206.
8. Bagozzi, R., Gurhan-Canli, Z., & Priester, J. (2002). The social psychology of consumer behaviour. UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
9. Bagozzi, R., & Pieters, R. (1998). Goal-directed emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 12(1), 1-26.
10. Baumeister, R., Vohs, K., DeWall, N., & Zhang, L. (2007). How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(2), 167-203.
11. Bechara, A. (2004). The role of emotion in decision-making: evidence from neurological patients with orbitofrontal damage. Brain and cognition, 55(1), 30-40.
12. Bechara, A., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (2000). Emotion, Decision Making and the Orbitofrontal Cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 10(3), 295-307. doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.295
13. Bechara, A., Noel, X., & Crone, E. (2006). Loss of willpower: abnormal neural mechanisms of impulse control and decision making in addiction. In W. Reinout & S. Alan (Eds.), Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction (pp. 215-232). USA: SAGE publications.
14. Bell, D. (1982). Regret in decision making under uncertainty. Operations research, 30(5), 961-981.
15. Bell, D. (1985). Disappointment in decision making under uncertainty. Operations research, 33(1), 1-27.
16. Bigne, J. E., & Andreu, L. (2004). Emotions in segmentation: An empirical study. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 682-696.
17. Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of personality and social psychology, 42(1), 116.
18. Carrera, P., Caballero, A., & Munoz, D. (2012). Future-oriented emotions in the prediction of binge-drinking intention and expectation: the role of anticipated and anticipatory emotions. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 53(3), 273-279.
19. Chaiken, S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of personality and social psychology, 39(5), 752-766.
20. Chaiken, S., & Ledgerwood, A. (2011). A theory of heuristic and systematic information processing. In P. Van Lange, A. Kruglanski, & T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology: Volume one (pp. 246-166). UK: Sage Publications Ltd.
21. Chang, H., & Pham, M. (2013). Affect as a decision-making system of the present. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(1), 42-63.
22. Chen, J. (2003). Market segmentation by tourists’ sentiments. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 178-193. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00046-4
23. Chun, H., Patrick, V., & MacInnis, D. (2007). Making prudent vs. impulsive choices: the role of anticipated shame and guilt on consumer self-control. In G. Fitzsimons & V. Duluth (Eds.), NA-Advances in Consumer Research (Vol. 34, pp. 715-719): MN : Association for Consumer Research.
24. Clawson, M., & Knetsch, J. (1966). Economics of outdoor education: Baltimore MD: John Hopkins Press.
25. Cohen, J., Pham, M., & Andrade, E. (2008). The nature and role of affect in consumer behavior. In C. Haugtvedt, P. Herr, & F. Kardes (Eds.), Handbook of consumer psychology (pp. 297-348). New York, London: Taylor & Francis group, LLC.
26. Cohen, S., Prayag, G., & Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872-909.
27. Crompton, J. (1992). Structure of vacation destination choice sets. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(3), 420-434.
28. Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes’ error: Emotion, rationality and the human brain. New York: Putnam
29. Decrop, A. (2010). Destination choice sets: An inductive longitudinal approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(1), 93-115.
30. Decrop, A., & Kozak, M. (2009). Decision strategies in tourism evaluation. In M. Kozak & A. Decrop (Eds.), Handbook of tourist behavior: Theory & practice (pp. 69-82). UK: Routledge, Taylor & Francis group.
31. Decrop, A., & Snelders, D. (2004). Planning the summer vacation: An adaptable process. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 1008-1030.
32. DeWall, N., Baumeister, R., Chester, D., & Bushman, B. (2015). How often does currently felt emotion predict social behavior and judgment? A meta-analytic test of two theories. Emotion Review, 8(2), 136-143. doi:10.1177/1754073915572690
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